Essays --

It is no secret that in the decade after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, defense spending increased in the United States, but something that people are less aware of are the continued government efforts toward biodefense: protecting a country of more than 317 million people from the threat of biological warfare. In 2004, Congress passed the Project Bioshield Act. The aim of Project Bioshield was to create a market for medical products to be provided to the public at large in the event of bioterrorism. It called for more than 5 billion dollars to be used to purchase vaccines, over a 10-year period. (The White House, 2004). As we approach the 10-year mark of Project Bioshield, and consider all of the advancements in bioengineering and biotechnology that have occurred since then, it’s important to reflect but also to look forward into what the next decade of biodefense innovation might look like, and what ethical impacts it may have. According to a paper published by the Center for Bioethics at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons (Loike and Fischbach, 2013), we face eight ethical challenges as our biodefense efforts increase. â€Å"1. Allocation of resources and personnel and cost benefit analysis. 2. Triage assessment. 3. Clinical testing of potential therapies or vaccines in young children and older adults. 4. Preventing unauthorized individuals from entering research laboratories. 5. Dual-use: publication of papers containing useful information that also could be used to create bioweapons. 6. Dual-use: curtailing the development of harmful technologies while promoting beneficial applications by scientists of these technologies. 7. Restriction of personal freedoms. 8. Allocation of ... ...lications of biodefense technology, of which biological engineers are at the heart of. Biological engineers have a triple role in biodefense: some develop biodefense technology; some find applications for new biodefense technology; all have an obligation to first and foremost protect the people. The first fundamental canon of the Code of Ethics for Engineers is that â€Å"Engineers, in the fulfillment of their professional duties, shall hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public† (NSPE). Developing new biodefense technology fits in with this mission, but only if we also take care of the three ethical issues raised above: adequately testing new vaccines and medical products so that they do not pose risk to the user, showing care in publishing new technology that could be used in a harmful way, and promoting beneficial applications of such technology.

How to Identify Threats & Vulnerabilities in an IT Infrastructure Using ZeNmap Essay

1. Understand how risk from threats and software vulnerabilities impacts the seven domains of a typical IT infrastructure 2Review a ZeNmap GUI (Nmap) network discovery and Nessus vulnerability assessment scan report (hardcopy or softcopy) 3.Identify hosts, operating systems, services, applications, and open ports on devices from the ZeNmap GUI (Nmap) scan report 4.Identify critical, major, and minor software vulnerabilities from the Nessus vulnerability assessment scan report 5.Prioritize the identified critical, major, and minor software vulnerabilities 6.Verify the exploit potential of the identified software vulnerabilities by conducting a high-level risk impact by visiting the Common Vulnerabilities & Exposures (CVE) online listing of software vulnerabilities at http://cve.mitre.org/ Week 3 Lab: Assessment Worksheet Identify Threats and Vulnerabilities in an IT Infrastructure Overview One of the most important first steps to risk management and implementing a security strategy is to identify all resources and hosts within the IT infrastructure. Once you identify the workstations and servers, you now must then find the threats and vulnerabilities found on these workstations and servers. Servers that support mission critical applications require security operations and management procedures to ensure C-I-A throughout. Servers that house customer privacy data or intellectual property require additional security controls to ensure the C-I-A of that data. This lab requires the students to identify threats and vulnerabilities found within the Workstation, LAN, and Systems/Applications Domains. Lab Assessment Questions & Answers 1. What are the differences between ZeNmap GUI (Nmap) and Nessus? ZeNmap is the graphical user interface for Nmap. Nmap when introduced was all command line interface, ZeNmap was created to make the software user friendly. Nmap doesn’t tell you the vulnerabilities on a system that requires knowledge of the computer network, the network baseline, to figure out where the vulnerabilities exist. Nessus is like Nmap in that it can do network discovery, but unlike Nmap, it is designed to scan systems to determine their vulnerabilities. Nessus has the ability to create policies which are composed of scanning specifications. 2. Which scanning application is better for performing a network discovery reconnaissance probing of an IP network infrastructure? The best application for this process would be Nmap 3. Which scanning application is better for performing a software vulnerability assessment with suggested remediation steps? Nessus would be the best application for this process. 4. While Nessus provides suggestions for remediation steps, what else does Nessus provide that can help you assess the risk impact of the identified software vulnerability? Nessus allows users to identify vulnerabilities, and attack those vulnerabilities to establish the impact of an attack. Nessus starts with a port scan and attempts to exploit ports that are open. 5. Are open ports necessarily a risk? Why or why not? Open ports are not necessarily a risk, it depends upon the application that is using the port. If no service is using the port, then the packets will be rejected by the system. 6. When you identify a known software vulnerability, where can you go to assess the risk impact of the software vulnerability? Software vulnerabilities are documented and tracked by US CERT, U.S. Computer Emergency Readiness and Team, in a public accessible list called Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures list, CVE. 7. If Nessus provides a pointer in the vulnerability assessment scan report to look up CVE-2009-3555 when using the CVE search listing, specify what this CVE is, what the potential exploits are, and assess the severity of the vulnerability. Does not renegotiation handshakes with an existing connection, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to insert data into HTTPS sessions, and possibly other types of sessions protected by TLS or SSL. The CIA scores are none, partial, and partial with a CVVS score of 5.8. 8. Explain how the CVE search listing can be a tool for security practitioners and a tool for hackers. I a public access list of known vulnerabilities that a security professional can use to check against the systems being analyzed. Hackers can use the list of know vulnerabilities in OS’s and software, to exploit the vulnerability to gain files, or information from systems. 9. What must an IT organization do to ensure that software updates and security patches are implemented timely? Allow testing of the patch or update on a non-production system, have an update policy for the implementation of updates and patches. 10. What would you define in a vulnerability management policy for an organization? An executive summary stating the findings of the vulnerability assessment from a penetration test. Audit goals and objectives, audit methodologies, recommendations and prioritization of vulnerabilities.

Feminism in the Scarlet Letter - 1297 Words

Jane Jonga Research Paper 11 March 2008 Hawthorne’s Hester Prynne and Feminism â€Å"In Heaven’s own time, a new truth would be revealed, in order to establish the whole relation between man and woman on a surer ground of mutual happiness† (ch.24).The definition of feminism would be women are inherently equal to men and deserve equal rights and opportunities. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s, The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne is the key example for feminism in the novel. In Puritan times, women were thought of as lesser than men. Women’s purposes were to raise children and give them good morals and values. Women did not have jobs; they wore the plainest clothes, and sat quietly by their husbands’ sides. Passion and happiness were considered to be a†¦show more content†¦Hester as a woman in a strict Puritan community takes all the blame, Dimmesdale as a man, does not get punished by man-made laws. â€Å"The Scarlet Letter remains entirely male-dominated, both in terms of its compromising population and its attitudes and assum ptions† (Barlowe 2). It is male-dominated because the authority is run by males, and the wives have no say in any decisions, because they are believed to be weak, so men make all the decisions while womenShow MoreRelatedFeminism In The Scarlet Letter Essay1313 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is the true definition of feminism? Feminism is â€Å"the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes†, as well as, â€Å"organized activity on behalf of women’s rights and interests† (Merriam-Webster). The way feminism is related into literature is similar to that of society. Feminist literature discusses how a female character or some part of the fictional world is being hurt or deprived of a certain right that women deserve. In such a way, readers and authors alike are ableRead MoreEarly Feminism In The Scarlet Letter1421 Words   |  6 PagesHawthorne highlights the habitual societal conflict of surfacing gender equality ideology throughout The Scarlet Letter. The typical female role in society during the mid-seventeenth century was to be a caretaker. Hester Prynne’s sentence for breaking this stereotype through adultery is to wear a large, red letter A on her chest. Hawthorne uses Hester’s character to add characteristics of early feminism. For example, Hester not only takes on the so called male and female role put in place by society atRead MoreFeminism In The Scarlet Letter955 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the novel The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne displays powerful feminist ideas and behaviors present in many of the novel’s characters especially Hester Prynne. As the personalities and beliefs of the characters in The Scarlet Letter develop, rebellious acts against the traditional ways of Puritanical life unfold. Hawthorne depicts the rebellious nature of Hester, her daughter Pearl, and a few others to demonstrate the severe impacts these individuals have on the oppressing PuritanRead Mo reAntifeminist and Feminism within The Scarlet Letter1388 Words   |  6 PagesAntifeminist and Feminism within The Scarlet Letter In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† Hester Prynne is accused and convicted of adultery. During the puritan era women in this society had specific obligations and rights they had to maintain. By Hester having an affair and acting unladylike the community disapproved of her actions causing everyone to isolate her in her town. Due to Hester Prynne’s Isolation and the harsh judgment she received from everyone in her town, she goes throughRead MoreFeminism in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Essay551 Words   |  3 PagesWritten in 1850, The Scarlet Letter stood as a very progressive book. With new ideas about women, main characters’ stories intertwined, and many different themes, The Scarlet Letter remains today as a extremely popular novel about 17th century Boston, Massachusetts. Not only was the 19th century a time for the abolition of slavery movement but it was also the beginning of the first wave of feminism. Women such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Lucretia Mott catalyzed the women’sRead MoreHester As A Strong Female Character And The Scarlet Letter1572 Words   |  7 Pagesand The Scarlet Letter as a Feminist Novel In The Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, a question arises: Is The Scarlet Letter a feminist novel? First, what is feminism? Feminism is â€Å"the advocacy of women’s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men†. Feminism is really about a woman’s strength since the act of feminism causes a woman to go against traditional views and be ridiculed for that. What does feminism have to do with The Scarlet Letter? HawthorneRead MoreRomanticism And Transcendentalism In Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter956 Words   |  4 Pages The Scarlet Letter - Research Paper Nathaniel Hawthorne is 19th-century author whose works were primarily classified as romanticism and transcendentalism. His works held many controversial elements for his time including the extensive use of feminist principles. Many of Hawthornes novels depict a different viewpoint on the defiance towards misogyny and patriarchal ways. The Scarlet Letter furthermore enhances these elements. Hawthorne’s novel, The Scarlet Letter, portrays the many elements of feminismRead MoreHester Prynnes Development Of Women In The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1204 Words   |  5 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s,The Scarlet Letter, conveys Hester Prynne’s struggles against the oppressive Puritan society of the 1630s, which leads to the illumination of her progressive feminist views. Hester’s sin of adultery leaves her shunned from her pious New England community, but the extreme consequences that she encounters highlight the notion that she recognizes women as possess ing equal capabilities and strengths as men. Hester evinces feminism throughout Hawthorne’s novel, without ever trulyRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1193 Words   |  5 PagesThe Scarlet Letter, is most often referred to as Nathaniel Hawthorne’s best work. It gives a detailed image of life in a Puritan society. The heroine of the book-Hester Prynne, defies power, and rebels against colonial rule. Laws composed of religious convictions and individual beliefs. Through Hester’s action, you can depict a feminist consciousness. She differs from traditional colonial woman who s sole purpose it to be obedient, despite the unfair rules carried out by puritan men. Hester representsRead MoreIs The Scarlet Letter A Feminist Novel?1456 Words   |  6 PagesAshley Noack M. Chau-Lee English 3H 11/ 13/14 Is The Scarlet Letter A Feminist Novel? A feminist is defined in the British Dictionary as a person who advocates equal rights for women. However incredulous it may sound, women had to fight for rights for equality in things such as politics, economics, and their personal affairs. If the revolutionary feminist concepts were surfacing in the time of Nathaniel Hawthorne, circa 1850, then how was it that he was inspired to write Hester’s character? However